The Constitution of Man
The constitution of man is made up of seven constituents:
The first constituent is the Elements, which are four in number.
Fire, which is hot and dry;
Air, which is hot and wet;
Water, which is cold and wet; and
Earth, which is cold and dry.
The second constituent is the Temperaments, which are nine in number:
The first is an evenly balanced temperament.
The second is an unevenly balanced temperament, which may
be unmixed, being then hot, cold, wet, or dry.
Or it may be an unevenly balanced but mixed temperament,
being hot and dry, or hot and wet, or cold and dry, or cold and wet.
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Theory of medicine has following topics
The most evenly balanced of all temperaments in the animal
kingdom is the temperament of man. The most evenly balanced of
all temperaments in mankind is the temperament of the believer.
The most evenly balanced of all temperaments among the believ-
ers are the temperaments of the Prophets, peace be on them. The
most evenly balanced of temperaments among all the Prophets are
the temperaments of the Messengers of Allah, may the blessings
and peace of Allah be on them. And the most evenly balanced of
Emperanments among all the Messengers of Allah is the tempera-
Nent ot those endowed with a resolution to obey Allah. And the
most evenly balanced of those so endowed is the temperament of
our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
I maintain that the reason why Muhammad, may Allah bless agrant him peace, was the most evenly balanced in charac- rom the point of view of temperament according to the rules to cine is because the nature of his character was subservient to the temperament of his bod - and the more perfectly balanced the temperament of the body is, the better is the nature of the character. And He the all-Knowing, Glorious and Mighty is He, has born witness that the Prophet was of an excellent character:
And surely you are on a mighty nature.
(Qur'an: 68.4)
Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her, said, "The character of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is the Qur'an." Hence it needs must be that his temperament be the most balanced of temperaments. And if his temperament were the most balanced of temperaments, then his character must have been the best of characters.
Al-Bukhari said in his book, as-Sahih, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was the best of men in appearance and the best of men in character."
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Tolerance of the Holy Prophet Muhammad PBUH
Anas said, "I served the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for ten years. He never once scolded me. He never asked me why I had done anythıng that 1 had done, nor asked me why I had left undone anything that I had left undone."
Ibn Umar said, The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was never indecent, nor ever talked indecently. He used to say, The best of you are those who are finest in character."
Al-Bukhari relates that a Bedouin once pulled a cloak from the shoulders of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with so violent a pull that he hurt his shoulder. Then he said, "O Muhammad, make me a present from the wealth of Allah which you possess." The Prophet turned to him, laughed, and ordered a gift to be made to him.
Truly the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is good and chaste, the best of men in features and in character.
May Allah bless him and his follovers with a blessing whicn will never end and never be exhausted:
The Merciful One has never created another like Muhammad,
and to my knowledge He never will create one like him:
he is like the sun at mid-day and the moon at mid-month;
he is the emerald among jewels; his station is one that has never been given to other messengers his rank is one that has never been given to other men.
Now. the temperament of youth is evenly balanced. The temperament of childhood inclines to wetness, and that of maturity and old age to coldness.
The most evenly balanced of the organs is the skin of the tip of the index finger and after this the tips of the other fingers. The hottest of the organs is the heart, and after that the liver and the flesh. The coldest of all are the bones and the nerves, the spinal cord and the brain. The driest of all is bone. The wettest of all is fat.
Next among the seven constituents of the constitution, the third,
come the four Humours:
Of these the most excellent is Blood, which is wet and hot. Its function is to feed the body. Normal blood is sweet and without smell.
Next comes Phlegm, and this is wet and cold. Its function is to convert blood whenever the body lacks food, to keep the organs moist and to prevent dehydration due to movement. Normal phlegm is phlegm that is near to changing into blood. Abnormal phlegm is salty, or somew'hat warm, or sour. It tends to be ripe and insipid. It is unmixed cold.
The third humour is Bile, which is dry and hot. It is stored in the gall bladder. It renders the blood subtle and helps it tu pass through the very narrow veins. Part of it is carried to the bowels and produces the characteristic colour of the faeces. Normal bile is slightly red. Abnormal bile may be coloured like the yoke of an egg, or coloured like leeks or verdigris, or be inflamed. Rusty bile is more powerful than leek-coloured bile, and it is a warning of death. Bile is sometimes known as Yellow Bile.
Finally, there is Spleen. This is dry and cold. It thickens the blood and feeds the spleen and the bones. Part of it passes to the mouth of the stomach and sets up a desire for food and causes acidity.
Normal spleen forms the dregs of the blood. Abnormal spleen is aescribed as inflamed, that is, impure. Spleen is sometimes called Black Bile.
The fourth constituent of the constitution is the Fundamental Organs.
The fifth constituent is the Spirits.
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