Gurchani

Human Reproductive System Life on our planet has evolved, developed and continued because all creatures have some system which allows them to reproduce. The system of recreating life is called reproduction. Both male and female human beings have rep…

The Genitro-Urinary System      Waste products from the body are regularly let out both in liquid and solid form. The system in the body which is responsible for the production of liquid waste or urine is called the Urinary system. The prime organs…

Mouth and Teeth      Our mouth is an inlet in our body which allows us to eat, drink and breathe. The mouth has a hard palate at the top and the tongue at the bottom, surrounded by the teeth, and leading into the throat at the back. The tongue is a …

Heart and blood      Blood cells carry nourishment to all parts of our body through a network of arteries and veins and an average adult body contains about 4.5 liters of blood. Blood is red in colour and is made up of three types of cells, i.e., Red …

Ears and Sound      Our ears not only allow us to hear sounds, thus preventing the world from becoming a silent one, but also act as organs of balance. They collect sounds from the air and pass them to the brain in thick form of nerve signals. More …

Blood groups and blood pressure      All blood looks red in colour but in reality its composition may be different. Blood contains red cells and on the surface of these cells are factors called antigens. Antigens are of two types, i.e., antigen ‘A’ an…

Arteries and veins The lifeline for oxygen and nutrients to the entire body consists of a complex network of tubes called arteries and veins. These deliver nutrients and oxygen to the various parts of the body and collect waste and toxic substance …

The Respiratory System      Life thrived on Earth primarily because of presence of Oxygen in the air. All animals and creatures living on earth have respiratory systems of various kinds, some may have lungs, others like fish may use gills, and yet o…

The Digestive System      As we bite into something we want to eat and begin to chew, we initiate the activity of our digestive system. As our teeth crush the food, a watery substance called ‘Saliva’, from our salivary glands, gets mixed into the fo…

Skin and Sweating      Skin is an elastic and waterproof outer layer covering of our body. It protects our body from bacteria and is sensitive to heat, cold and pain. Skin is wear resistant sice it constantly renews itself by replacing the upper lay…

Coming out of the base of the brain is a cluster of nerves which spread all over the body forming the nervous system. The brain stem leads into the spinal cord which extends along the vertebrae upto the tail bone. From the central nerve stem peri…

Chemicals which help our body to stay healthy are called vitamins. These are of six types, i.e., Vitamins A, B, C, D, E and K. Vitamin B can further be broken down into a number of types. Vitamins are present in our body but in very small quanti…

The Nose and Smell      The nose helps us in breathing and smelling things. The outer side of the nose is made of thick skin which is supported outwards with the help of a cartilage protruding outwards from the skull. The cartilage divides the nose …

Eye and vision      As we read through this book, we saw a lot of written text, and pictures, we were able to see the images and read the text with our eyes. The old saying ‘seeing is believing’ quite appropriately defines the importance and necessi…

Out body and its systems      Our body is a wonderful machine made of billions upon billions of tiny cells. Our body is capable of many feets which include coordination between its various parts and balancing in various situations. The cells in our …

THE WORLD’S TEN GREATEST OCEANS & SEAS ( IN ORDER OF APPROX SIZE ) Pcific Ocean 16,62,40,000 sq kms. Atlantic Ocean 8,65,60,000 sq kms. Indian Ocean …

Crops of the world GROUNDNUTS are grown in many parts of the world, in some countries they are eaten after being roasted and salted. Oil is also extracted from these nuts and is used as a cooking medium in many countries. Besides this, groundnuts ar…

North America      The North American continent comprises of Canada, United States of America, Mexico, etc. It has the Atlantic ocean on its East, the pacific ocean on it’s west, the Arctic ocean in its north and the continent of South America in the…

South America      The south American continent has the Atlantic ocean on its East and the pacific ocean on its west. The Entire Eastern coastline is a continental shelf while the Andes mountain range stretches across the entire Western coast. The lo…

Europe      The Europe continent is located north of the Mediterranean sea with the Atlantic ocean on its west. The eastern borders of Europe are formed by the Ural mountains and the Norwegian and Barents sea are in the north. Also in the north is a …

Africa      The continent of Africa is the world’s second largest continent and has about 52 nations in it. It has the Atlantic Ocean to its west, the Mediterranean Sea to its north, the Red Sea to its North-east and the Indian ocean all along the E…

Asia      Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It occupies one-third of the land surface. It has Africa and the Indian ocean to the south, the Arctic ocean to the north, the Pacific ocean in the east and Europe in the west. Asia is inhabited by tw…

Australia      Australia is located on the Tropic of Capricorn and between the longitudes 110º and 155º east of Greenwich. It is both a country and a continent covering a total area of over 7.6 million sq. km. On its north and east is the Pacific Oc…

Antarctica and the arctic circle      One the South pole lies a large mass of land, as big as the United States of America covered with snow and ice. This continent is called Antarctica is called Antarctica and it covers an area of more than 13.5 mil…

Name Size  Caribbean Sea 2753000 sq kms. Mediterranean Sea 2503000 sq kms. Bearing Sea 2268000 sq kms. Gulf of Mexico …

NAME LOCATED IN  Caspian Sea Asia. Lake Superior North America. Lake Victoria Africa. …

Forests Life would not be possible on the Earth without plants and as such forests make up one of the most important natural resources we have. They not only provide home and food to all kinds of animals, insects and birds but also provide us with w…

Power and electricity generation The advancements made by science and technology have not only developed new sources of power but have also increased our electricity nothing from our kitchen blender to the heavy industry would work. Electricity can …